Purpose: Periventricular leukomalacia ( PVL) is an important morbidity in preterm infants and occurs around 3-15% in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Risk factors for PVL include prematurity, chorioamnionitis, early-onset sepsis, hypoxemia, severe hypotension, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA). This study was done to describe the risk factors of PVL in VLBW infants. Methods: Medical records of 172 infants with birth weight less than 1,500 grams, during the period from January 2009 to December 2014, in Inje University Ilsan Paik hospital NCIU were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were divided into the PVL group (n = 21) and the Non-PVL group (n = 151). Demographic findings and factors associated with PVL were compared between these groups. Results: The mean gestational age and birth weight were not significantly different between the groups ( PVL vs. Non-PVL; 25.9±3.5 weeks, 935±248 g vs. 27.9±3.1 weeks, 1074±283 g). The incidences of PROM and Pregnancy induced hypertension ( PIH) were not significantly different between the two groups. The durations of premature rupture of membrane ( PROM) and prenatal antibiotics were significantly longer in the PVL group than in the Non-PVL group (p0.05). The incidence of pathological chorioamnionitis was significantly higher in the PVL group (p=0.001). 5-min Apgar score was significantly low in the PVL group than in the Non-PVL group (p=0.047). The incidences of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and PDA were not significantly different between the two groups. The incidence of sepsis was significantly lower and the incidence of IVH (Grade ≥3) was significantly higher in the PVL group than in the Non-PVL group (p0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, the duration of prenatal antibiotics (odds ratio 3.39; 95% confidence interval 1.29-4.49) was the significant factor for PVL in VLBW infants. Conclusion: Risk factor for PVL in VLBW infants is longer durations of prenatal antibiotics therapy.